Roundcube Webmail 1.3.8 Login. Username: Password.
✓ Information disclosure in WebSphere Application Server (CVE-2017-1743) Java Message Service (JMS) NullPointerExceptions from webcontainer code Request to context root without trailing slash gets redirected, but the query string was not added to the redirect URL. WebSphere Application Server is affected by Apache Struts vulnerability (cve-2016-3092) SRVE0278E - Missing ibm-web-ext.xmi in iehs.war Pipe ' ' symbol cannot be used for external provider URL when configuring a 3rd party JMS provider. Session management bread crumb incorrect Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) EJB interceptors not called intermittently NullPointerException when doing injection with com.ibm.ws.cdi.immediate.ejb.start set to true IllegalAccessException occurs when multiple users access. WebBeans referencing classloader causing memory leak. CDI javax.decorator.decorator annotation not working as expected OutOfMemory error due to view scoped beans not being garbage collected CDI injection not working after application restart Classloader leak in ScannerServiceImpl Ensure application scoped context is initalized properly and active during bean preDestroy IllegalArgumentException in CreationalContextImpl only when trace is enabled NullPointerException in CDI Classloader leak in JcdiComponentImpl. ✓ Potential code execution vulnerablity in WebSphere Application Server (CVE-2016-5983) SAML Web SSO AdminTask command importSAMLIdpMetadata fails Custom Kerberos login module for identity mapping Security auditing enabled log in calls via wsadmin are not being logged when using SECURITYAUTHN NullPointerException from AdminTask.getInheritedSSLConfig command NullPointerException found in logs when creating the security server.
Remove 3DES ciphers from default cipher list Security crypto jar failed with 'not signed by a trusted signer' error after upgrade Group search fails with a ClassCastException after upgrade to 8.5.5.10 NullPointerException when printing error in WSX509TrustManager Unnecessary setCookie header might be set after applying interim fixes for pi62375. Servlet Engine/Web Container Application is started even though there has been a listener exception during application start up An uncaught exception in javax.servlet.AsyncListener.onComplete might cause threads to hang Remove Struts from WebSphere Application Serve. Description Administrative Console (all non-scripting) No console identity is displayed on the administrative console login screen CreateWebserver issued thru admin console is not mapping all existing deployed applciations. Generic jvm arguments with spaces are not handled properly by WebSphere Application Server Swedish characters are not displayed correctly in the administrative console. Administrator group role displays auditor role twice.
Administrative Scripting Tools (for example: wsadmin or ANT) java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException in AdminApp.edit when string includes question mark (?) Leading space when adding custom properties to resource environment providers via wsadmin - adminConfig.create Default Messaging Component Unable to stop or reset MQLink sender channel in mixed topology with V8.5 deployment manager and V7.0 nodes Dynamic Cache OutOfMemory issues in DRS due to large DRSQueueMessage collection caused by looping. EJB Container JPA2 error com.ibm.wsspi.injectionengine.InjectionException after migration from V7 Improve message text when EJB SessionContext fails to serialize Enterprise Edition (EE) JAXB unmdarshalling does not work correctly, and returns null for a simple xml string. JAXB unmarshalling not tolerating whitespace around token enumerations Federated Repositories VMM does not clear the cache if clearEntity mode is used. Group search filter not applied while dynamic groups search General Message driven bean failed to get scheduler MBean during init. Hanging proxy jobs after IPL IllegalStateException when accessing BeanManager in JSF SystemEventListener for PreDestroyApplicationEvent CDI method getName can result in null NullPointerException in InvocationContextImpl.configureTarget when destroying an already destroyed bean Security roles mapped to special subject 'All authenticated in trusted realms' for OSGi applications are ignored at runtime.
Description Administrative Console (all non-scripting) No way to delete runtime messages from the administrative console Administrative Scripting Tools (for example: wsadmin or ANT) WASX7015E: Exception running command: 'AdminUtilities.getScriptLibraryFiles' Classloader Enable ClearClassCache to emit results Data Replication Services Session data is returned after a full 5 second DRS timeout Default Messaging Component sibDBUpgrade.sh syntax error Federated Repositories Use entity type search filter in get group membership call. NullPointerException while searching for DB repository users General Full profile OpenID Connect RP does not work with Google OP Possible ABENDEC3 timeout in WebSphere z/OS servant region when running as client with webservices and JMS (sibus) in same SR java.lang.NullPointerException might occur when the deployed J2EE application with CDI annotations is stopped. ✓ HTTP response splitting vulnerability CVE-2015-2017 APAR PI9074 might cause unexpected issues with web services applications Users in the LRMONITOR role cannot view saved jobs in the job repository Error 'Duplicate resources found with name:' when running migrateConfigTo85.py HashMaps are not thread-saved in org.apache.openjpa.datacache.DataCacheManagerImpl IMS Batch DLI jog gets ABEND04E reason code 00D44033 when calling bboa1reg Editing a custom health policy in intelligent management shortens original text. Portlet API Version 2.1.0 update Small performance improvement to CDI NullPointerException at NamedDeclaration when XML has duplicate XSTypeDefinitions ODR fails to start due to invalid routing rule syntax Add multi-provider support to OpenID Connect relying party in the full profile. App edition rollout fails when attempting a split deployment rollout with EJB modules When doing IdP-initiated SSO, if a RelayState is not in the SAMLResponse, the authentication will fail. Session affinity break when using intelligent management validation mode Incorrect default path for WebSphere plugin, when creating an IHS webserver from the administrative console. Extra = in ibm-ejb-jar-bnd.xml for the work manager JNDI name triggers an ADMA0115W warning during deployment Under stress Intelligent Managment sends out of order messages which causes the Plugin to crash Prevent console links from opening as new tabs after viewing charts Numerous GSKWOULDBLOCK messages in the httpplugin.log during web server startup with intelligent management enabled plug-in Application binaries not updated during WebSphere Portal Server upgrade on z/OS Need to ship batik.jar that correctly displays with Tivoli Performance Viewer.
Numerous 307 responses for the IM enabled plug-in and increased network traffic when im plug-in switches between connectors Intelligent Management enabled plug-in changed $WSRA value. Health management SNMP trap sets agentAddr to wrong IP address Exception com.ibm.ws.xd.vv.nodedetect.NetworkInterfaceUtil.getMacAddresses is seen on start up on Solaris EJBDeploy RMIC class not found exception on Sun OS when using non-default JVM Post install shows partial success in WebSphere Hypervisor environment on applying a fix pack Excessive append calls cause high CPU when using VE and PMI Intelligent Management DCPC0332E reason code is not always correct. FFDC logged during node agent startup on Liberty profile server creation After a new edition is rolled out and old edition deleted requests will return 500 errors in the ODR Add capability to LogRecordContext to have add and remove Extension Publish WSDL is not picking up the changes made to the HTTP URL FileNotFoundException during profile creation High Availability (HA) DCSV8030 message explanation should include a link to appropriate technical document IBM HTTP Server Detailed list of APARs for IBM HTTP Server. ✓ Vulnerability in Apache Collections used by WebSphere Application Server Transaction Service Add additional information to CWRLS0030 message to aid startup trouble-shooting. NullPointerException thrown from TerminatorImpl initialization NullPointerException appears during partner log recovery processing Web Services (for example: SOAP or UDDI or WSGW or WSIF) CData section is not preserved during parsing the SOAP message GET request with a SOAPAction header ends in 503 response on z/OS. Dynamic outbound endpoint SSL configuration is not picked up by webservices when proxy is used. In JMS messages, special characters are not correctly encoded.
Web Services Security Throw exception if receive unsupported keyinfo in SAML Allow PasswordDigest on UsernameToken in JAX-WS WS-Security with custom login module CWWSS8014E error in SAML Web SSO can be misleading WebSphere Common Configuration Model (WCCM) Application deployment does not preserve signatures of fragment jar files. The cmp-field elements of EJB deployment descriptors are ignored.
Description Administrative Console (all non-scripting) In an HA Dmanager configuration, registering a Dmanager to a Job Manager can select the wrong Dmanager instance. Long wait time when clicking apply after changing application startup weight in admin console. Hung thread showing in logs. Setting browser to never refresh prevents sync from taking place. Null message in administrative console caused by NullPointerException when modifying SSL Config due to missing trustStore Administrative Scripting Tools (for example: wsadmin or ANT) NullPointerException in wsadmin when connecting to node agent with trace on Data Replication Services Message 'CWWDR0008E runtime exception occured: Unable to locate replication domain' does not include the name of the domain. Description Administrative Console (all non-scripting) Attempting to update an application from the administrative console returns error 500 and NumberFormatException From the console if you select everything under policy attachments it generates multiple entries in bindings.xml Memory to memory replication link issue Mapping shared library to an application via admin console: changes not saved and NullPointerException results Mail validation is too strict for security notification emails 'Generic Servers' might remain as 'defunct' processes in the system after being stopped.
Setting memory-to-memory replication fails with NullPointerException Referenceables parameter is missing in the command generated by command assistance If workspace for user exists when logging in to administrative console, the workspace will be loaded regardless of user selection. Administrative Scripting Tools (for example: wsadmin or ANT) $AdminApp edit fails with java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException Data Replication Services Delay in replication message delivery The members of the replication domain contains excessive members Default Messaging Component MQ RFH2 header is propagated even though it is disabled at the destination. Dynamic Cache NumberFormatException in extended cache monitor Dynacache CWWDY1064E or DYNA1064E is written for containsKeyDisk operation EJB Container Remove the FFDC entry UserTransaction cannot be used from a CDI instance created within the context of an EJB Enterprise Edition (EE) Web service request message might be missing a prefix with the namespace in a child element Federated Repositories Duplicate predicates in LDAP query is causing performance issues for client. ClassNotFoundException after running command dumpNameSpace.sh NullPointerException while initializing the policy handler for openldap CWWIM4538E message improved to include repository IDs. General StackOverflow error or NullPointerException occurs under heavy load Schema setting in the ORM file does not propagate to the generated sequences PMT freeze after entering a domain user for wasservice panel Multiple profiles creation at same time using manageprofiles.sh fails NullPointerException in QueryKey.createKey using criteria with QueryCache enabled First JPQL with left join fetch for lazy loaded specified and data cache enabled. Subsequent does not get loaded.
JPA pagination is not working WebSphere can use the same from tag and via branch in two different requests even if call-id is different. SIP container sends error responses even after ACK received Application issue due to how bindings are merged.
Adding contact header on derived sessions While using the B2bUAHelper the branch becomes longer when the UAS sends the re-Invite. This fix is to shorten the branch. The JspWriterImp is not properly cleaning up resources in memory after a request completes.
Customization jobs should support SMS allocation options Use of JoinColumn targets to another JoinColumn key exposed as an attribute will cause a ConstraintViolation exception installWSGridMQ.py script requires manual changes before runnning 'Inbound 412' response not counted in PMI SQLException thrown when running two Oracle DLL files NullPointerException thrown when a session in memory was invalidated before the scheduled invalidation occured. Spurious WASX7486W warning message produced when command assistance output is used Abend 0C4 with SMF enabled on native call to zgetstringutfchars. Include partition table information in logging. Property file encoding error causing monitored directory deployment failure OpenJPA PersistenceException: LongId cannot be cast to UnsupportedOperationException when using application scope JSF bean with dependency injection via @ManagedProperty & eager=true Remove 'log file(s) are purged' message when the logs are purged using purge job utility. ServletException when customer configures security role to user / group mappings. Restart of a job is failing with java.lang.NullPointerException.
Exception when 408 received with different tag The restarted job remains in submitted status resulting with java.lang.NullPointerException. Property file based configuration updates to web module environment entries might not take effect. SIP container splits the reason header into two headers due to a comma inside a quoted string WSDL4J consumes excessive amounts of memory in the heap NullPointerException when application uses CDI @Produces method with InjectionPoint AdminTask.importSAMLIdPMetadata command generates invalid SAML Web SSO TAI properties Subjob keeps running after top level job has end.
QR code for the of the English Wikipedia Mobile main page QR code (abbreviated from Quick Response Code) is the trademark for a type of (or two-dimensional ) first designed in 1994 for the. A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that contains information about the item to which it is attached. In practice, QR codes often contain data for a, identifier, or that points to a website or application. A QR code uses four standardized encoding modes (numeric, alphanumeric, byte/binary, and ) to store data efficiently; extensions may also be used. The Quick Response system became popular outside the automotive industry due to its fast readability and greater storage capacity compared to standard. Applications include product tracking, item identification, time tracking, document management, and general marketing.
A QR code consists of black squares arranged in a square grid on a white background, which can be read by an imaging device such as a camera, and processed using until the image can be appropriately interpreted. The required data is then extracted from patterns that are present in both horizontal and vertical components of the image.
Contents. History The QR code system was invented in 1994 by the Japanese company. Its purpose was to track vehicles during manufacturing; it was designed to allow high-speed component scanning. QR codes are now used in a much broader context, including both commercial tracking applications and convenience-oriented applications aimed at mobile-phone users (termed mobile tagging). QR codes may be used to display text to the user, to add a contact to the user's device, to open a (URI), to connect to a wireless network, or to compose an email or text message. There are a great many QR code generators available as software or as online tools.
The QR code has become one of the most-used types of two-dimensional code. Standards. Structure of a QR code, highlighting functional elements There are several standards that cover the encoding of data as QR codes:. October 1997 – AIM (Association for Automatic Identification and Mobility) International.
January 1999 – X 0510. June 2000 – /IEC (now withdrawn) Defines QR code models 1 and 2 symbols.
1 September 2006 – ISO/IEC (now withdrawn) Defines QR code 2005 symbols, an extension of QR code model 2. Does not specify how to read QR code model 1 symbols, or require this for compliance.
1 February 2015 – ISO/IEC Renames the QR Code 2005 symbol to QR Code and adds clarification to some procedures and minor corrections. At the, there is some variation between most of the implementations. Japan's has established standards for the encoding of URLs, contact information, and several other data types. The open-source 'ZXing' project maintains a list of QR code data types. A QR code used on a large billboard in Japan, linking to the sagasou.mobi website QR codes have become common in consumer advertising. Typically, a is used as a QR code scanner, displaying the code and converting it to some useful form (such as a standard for a website, thereby obviating the need for a user to type it into a ).
QR code has become a focus of strategy, since it provides a way to access a brand's website more quickly than by manually entering a URL. Beyond mere convenience to the consumer, the importance of this capability is that it increases the: the chance that contact with the advertisement will convert to a sale. It coaxes interested prospects further down the with little delay or effort, bringing the viewer to the advertiser's website immediately, where a longer and more targeted sales pitch may lose the viewer's interest. Although initially used to track parts in vehicle manufacturing, QR codes are used over a much wider range of applications. These include commercial tracking, entertainment and transport ticketing, product and loyalty marketing and in-store product labeling. Examples of marketing include where a company's discounted and percent discount can be captured using a QR code decoder which is a mobile app, or storing a company's information such as address and related information alongside its alpha-numeric text data as can be seen in Yellow Pages directory.
They can also be used in storing personal information for use by organizations. An example of this is Philippines National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) where NBI clearances now come with a QR code. Many of these applications target users (via ). Users may receive text, add a contact to their device, open a URI, or compose an or text message after scanning QR codes.
They can generate and print their own QR codes for others to scan and use by visiting one of several pay or free QR code-generating sites or apps. Had an, now deprecated, to generate QR codes, and apps for scanning QR codes can be found on nearly all smartphone devices. QR codes have been used and printed on train tickets in China since 2010.
QR codes storing addresses and URLs may appear in magazines, on signs, on buses, on business cards, or on almost any object about which users might want information. Users with a equipped with the correct reader application can scan the image of the QR code to display text, contact information, connect to a, or open a web page in the telephone's browser. This act of linking from physical world objects is termed.
QR codes also may be linked to a location to track where a code has been scanned. Either the application that scans the QR code retrieves the geo information by using GPS and cell tower triangulation (aGPS) or the URL encoded in the QR code itself is associated with a location.
In 2008, a Japanese stonemason announced plans to engrave QR codes on gravestones, allowing visitors to view information about the deceased, and family members to keep track of visits. Psychologist was one of the first authors to include QR codes in a book, in (2011). QR codes have been incorporated into currency. In June 2011 The ( Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt) issued the world's first official coin with a QR code to celebrate the centenary of its current building and premises. The coin can be scanned by a and link to a special website with contents about the historical event and design of the coin. In 2014 the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a 100-naira banknote to commemorate its centennial, the first banknote to incorporate a QR code in its design. When scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, the code goes to a website which tells the centenary story of Nigeria.
In 2015, the issued a 100-rubles note to commemorate the. It contains a QR code into its design, and when scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, the code goes to a website that details the historical and technical background of the commemorative note. In 2017, the issued a 5-cedis banknote to commemorate 60 years of Central Banking in Ghana, and contains a QR code in its design, which when scanned with an internet-enabled mobile device, that code goes to the official Bank of Ghana website. Credit card functionality is under development. On February 20, 2016, the will launch the eponymously named Bharat QR, a common QR code jointly developed by all the four major card payment companies - National Payments Corporation of India that runs cards along with MasterCard, Visa and American Express. It will also have the capability of accepting payments on the platform. Augmented reality QR codes are used in some systems to determine the positions of objects in 3-dimensional space.
Mobile operating systems QR codes can be used on various mobile device operating systems. These devices support, which allows QR codes to send to existing applications on the device. Many paid or free apps are available with the ability to scan the codes and hard-link to an external URL. URLs URLs aided even in the pre-smartphone era, but during those years faced several limitations: ad viewers usually had to type the URL and often did not have a web browser in front of them when they first viewed the ad.
The chances were high that they would forget to visit the site later, not bother to type a URL, or forget what URL to type. Decreased these risks but did not eliminate them. With the advent of the issue of viewers not being able to access a website immediately has become less of an issue, however the trouble of typing in URLs still remained and thus QR codes were utilised in order to allow redirecting to URLs for instant access. Virtual stores During the month of June 2011, according to one study, 14 million mobile users scanned a QR code or a barcode. Some 58% of those users scanned a QR or barcode from their homes, while 39% scanned from retail stores; 53% of the 14 million users were men between the ages of 18 and 34. The use of QR codes for 'virtual store' formats started in South Korea, and Argentina, but is currently expanding globally.
Walmart, Procter & Gamble and Woolworths have already adopted the Virtual Store concept. QR code payment.
Main article: QR codes can be used to store bank account information or credit card information, or they can be specifically designed to work with particular payment provider applications. There are several trial applications of QR code payments across the world. In developing countries like India and China, QR code payment is a very popular and convenient method of making payments. In November 2012, QR code payments were deployed on a larger scale in the when an open format for payment information exchange — a — was introduced and endorsed by the Czech Banking Association as the official local solution for QR payments.
In 2013, the provided guidelines for the enabling initiation within the. QR codes are commonly used in the field of cryptographic currencies, particularly those based on and including. Payment addresses, cryptographic keys and transaction information are often shared between digital wallets in this way. Website login QR codes can be used to log into websites: a QR code is shown on the login page on a computer screen, and when a registered user scans it with a verified smartphone, they will automatically be logged in. Authentication is performed by the smartphone which contacts the server. Google tested such a login method in January 2012. WiFi network login By specifying the SSID, encryption type, password/passphrase, and if the SSID is hidden or not, mobile device users can quickly scan and join networks without having to manually enter the data.
Note that this technique is valid for specifying only static SSID passwords (i.e. PSK); dynamic user credentials (i.e. Enterprise/802.1x) cannot be encoded in this manner. The format of the encoded string is: WIFI:S:;T:;P:;H:; Order of fields does not matter. Special characters ' (quotation mark), ';' (semicolon), ',' (comma) and ':' (colon) should be escaped with a backslash (' ') as in MECARD encoding. For example, if an SSID were 'foo;bar baz', with quotation marks part of the literal SSID name itself, this would be encoded as: WIFI:S: 'foo;bar baz ';; As of January 2018, iPhones have this feature built into the camera app under iOS 11.x. Android users may have the feature built into one of the device's stock apps (e.g.
Samsung Galaxy S8/S8+/Note8 users can launch the stock browser, tap the browser's 3-dot menu, then choose 'Scan QR code') or can install one of several available free apps such as 'Barcode Scanner' or 'QR Droid' to perform the QR Wi-Fi join. Funerary use In 2008, Ishinokoe in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan began to sell tombstones with QR codes produced by IT DeSign, where the code leads to a virtual grave site of the deceased. Other companies, such as Wisconsin based Interactive Headstones, have begun implementing QR codes into tombstones.
In 2014 the in Uruguay began implementing QR codes for tombstones. TOTP use QR codes are also used in scanning TOTP secrets to generate. Encryption. Japanese immigration landing permission with a QR code at the bottom. The QR code content is encrypted. Encrypted QR codes, which are not very common, have a few applications. For example, there is an app, that manages encryption and decryption of QR codes using the algorithm.
The Japanese immigration system usage of encrypted QR codes on landing permission stamps in passports, is another example. Video games Popular, such as, and, have incorporated QR codes as story and/or gameplay elements. Loyalty Programs QR Codes have been used by various retail outlets that have.
Usually, these programs are in the form of an that users can download onto their phone and comes with a feature to scan QR codes, which are found printed on the receipt received when making a purchase, allowing users to collect award points simply by scanning the code. Design Unlike the older, one-dimensional barcodes that were designed to be mechanically scanned by a narrow beam of light, a QR code is detected by a 2-dimensional digital and then digitally analyzed by a programmed processor. The processor locates the three distinctive squares at the corners of the QR code image, using a smaller square (or multiple squares) near the fourth corner to normalize the image for size, orientation, and angle of viewing. The small dots throughout the QR code are then converted to binary numbers and validated with an error-correcting algorithm. Storage The amount of data that can be stored in the QR code symbol depends on the datatype ( mode, or input character set), version (1., 40, indicating the overall dimensions of the symbol, i.e.
4 × version number + 17 dots on each side), and level. The maximum storage capacities occur for version 40 and error correction level L (low), denoted by 40-L: Maximum character storage capacity (40-L) character refers to individual values of the input mode/datatype Input mode Max. Characters Bits/char.
Possible characters, default encoding Numeric only 7,089 3⅓ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 4,296 5½ 0–9, A–Z (upper-case only), space, $,%,., +, -,., /,: /byte 2,953 8 / 1,817 13 Here are some sample QR code symbols:. Example of a QR code with artistic embellishment that will still scan correctly thanks to error correction Codewords are long and use the algorithm with four error correction levels.
The higher the error correction level, the less storage capacity. The following table lists the approximate error correction capability at each of the four levels: Level L (Low) 7% of codewords can be restored. Level M (Medium) 15% of codewords can be restored. Level Q (Quartile) 25% of codewords can be restored. Level H (High) 30% of codewords can be restored. In larger QR symbols, the message is broken up into several Reed–Solomon code blocks.
The block size is chosen so that at most 15 errors can be corrected in each block; this limits the complexity of the decoding algorithm. The code blocks are then interleaved together, making it less likely that localized damage to a QR symbol will overwhelm the capacity of any single block. Due to error correction, it is possible to create artistic QR codes that still scan correctly, but contain intentional errors to make them more readable or attractive to the human eye, as well as to incorporate colors, logos, and other features into the QR code block. It is also possible to design artistic QR codes without reducing the error correction capacity by manipulating the underlying mathematical constructs.
Encoding The format information records two things: the error correction level and the mask pattern used for the symbol. Masking is used to break up patterns in the data area that might confuse a scanner, such as large blank areas or misleading features that look like the locator marks. The mask patterns are defined on a grid that is repeated as necessary to cover the whole symbol. Modules corresponding to the dark areas of the mask are inverted.
The format information is protected from errors with a, and two complete copies are included in each QR symbol. The message dataset is placed from right to left in a zigzag pattern, as shown below. In larger symbols, this is complicated by the presence of the alignment patterns and the use of multiple interleaved error-correction blocks. Larger symbol illustrating interleaved blocks The general structure of a QR encoding is as a sequence of 4 bit indicators with payload length dependent on the indicator mode (e.g.
Byte encoding payload length is dependent on the first byte). Mode Indicator Mode bitstream - Mode Indicator Mode bitstream - etc. 0000 End of message (Terminator) After every indicator that selects an encoding mode is a length field that tells how many characters are encoded in that mode. The number of bits in the length field depends on the encoding and the symbol version.
Number of bits in a length field (Character Count Indicator) Encoding Ver. 1–9 10–26 27–40 Numeric 10 12 14 Alphanumeric 9 11 13 Byte 8 16 16 Kanji 8 10 12 Alphanumeric encoding mode stores a message more compactly than the byte mode can, but cannot store lower-case letters and has only a limited selection of punctuation marks, which are sufficient for rudimentary. Two characters are coded in an 11-bit value by this formula: V = 45 × C 1 + C 2 This has the exception that the last character in an alphanumeric string with an odd length is read as a 6-bit value instead. Alphanumeric character codes Code Character Code Character Code Character Code Character Code Character 00 0 09 9 18 I 27 R 36 Space 01 1 10 A 19 J 28 S 37 $ 02 2 11 B 20 K 29 T 38% 03 3 12 C 21 L 30 U 39. 04 4 13 D 22 M 31 V 40 + 05 5 14 E 23 N 32 W 41 – 06 6 15 F 24 O 33 X 42. 07 7 16 G 25 P 34 Y 43 / 08 8 17 H 26 Q 35 Z 44: Decoding example The following images offer more information about the QR code. Model 1 QR code functional regions IQR code IQR Code is an alternative to existing QR codes developed by Denso Wave.
IQR codes can be created in square or rectangular formations; this is intended for situations where a rectangular barcode would otherwise be more appropriate, such as cylindrical objects. IQR codes can fit the same amount of information in 30% less space. There are 61 versions of square IQR codes, and 15 versions of rectangular codes. For squares, the minimum size is 9x9 modules; rectangles have a minimum of 19x5 modules. IQR codes add error correction level S, which allows for 50% error correction. IQR Codes have not yet been given an ISO specification, and only proprietary Denso Wave products can create or read IQR codes. Main article: Secure Quick Response code (SQRC) is a type of QR code that contains a 'private data' segment after the terminator instead of the specified filler bytes 'ec 11'.
This private data segment must be deciphered with an encryption key. This can be used to store private information and to manage company's internal information. Frame QR FrameQR is a QR code with a “canvas area” that can be flexibly used. In the center of this code is the canvas area, where graphics, letters, and more can be flexibly arranged, making it possible to lay out the code without losing the design of illustrations, photos, etc. Model 1 QR code is an older version of the specification.
It is visually similar to the widely seen model 2 codes, but lacks alignment patterns. License The use of QR code technology is freely licensed as long as users follow the standards for QR Code documented with.
Non-standardized codes may require special licensing. Owns a number of on QR code technology, but has chosen to exercise them in a limited fashion. In order to promote widespread usage of the technology Denso Wave chose to waive its rights to a key patent in its possession for standardized codes only. In the US, the granted QR code patent is, and in Japan. The European Patent Office granted patent. To Denso Wave, which was then validated into French, UK, and German patents, all of which expired in March 2015. The text QR Code itself is a and of Denso Wave Incorporated.
In UK, the trademark is registered as E921775, the word 'QR Code', with a filing date of. The UK version of the trademark is based on the Kabushiki Kaisha Denso (DENSO CORPORATION) trademark, filed as Trademark 000921775, the word 'QR Code', on and registered on 6/12/1999 with the European Union OHIM (Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market).
Trademark for the word 'QR Code' is Trademark 2435991 and was filed on 29 September 1998 with an amended registration date of 13 March 2001, assigned to Denso Corporation. Risks The only context in which common QR codes can carry executable data is the data type.
These URLs may host JavaScript code, which can be used to exploit vulnerabilities in applications on the host system, such as the reader, the web browser or the image viewer, since a reader will typically send the data to the application associated with the data type used by the QR code. In the case of no software exploits, malicious QR codes combined with a permissive reader can still put a computer's contents and user's privacy at risk. This practice is known as 'attagging', a of 'attack tagging'.
They are easily created and can be affixed over legitimate QR codes. On a, the reader's permissions may allow use of the camera, full Internet access, read/write contact data, read history, read/write local storage, and global system changes. Risks include linking to dangerous web sites with browser exploits, enabling the microphone/camera/GPS, and then streaming those feeds to a remote server, analysis of sensitive data (passwords, files, contacts, transactions), and sending email//IM messages or packets as part of a, corrupting privacy settings, stealing identity, and even containing malicious logic themselves such as or a virus.
These actions could occur in the background while the user is only seeing the reader opening a seemingly harmless web page. In Russia, a malicious QR code caused phones that scanned it to send premium texts at a fee of US$6 each. Extension.
Samples of the High Capacity Colored 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) code: (a) 4-color HCC2D code and (b) 8-color HCC2D code. Researchers have proposed a new High Capacity Colored 2-Dimensional (HCC2D) Code, which builds upon a QR code basis for preserving the QR robustness to distortions and uses colors for increasing data density (at this stage it is still in prototyping phase).
The HCC2D code specification is described in details in Querini et al. (2014), while techniques for color classification of HCC2D code cells are described in detail in Querini and (2014), which is an extended version of Querini and Italiano (2013). Introducing colors into QR codes requires addressing additional issues. In particular, during QR code reading only the brightness information is taken into account, while HCC2D codes have to cope with chromatic distortions during the decoding phase.
In order to ensure adaptation to chromatic distortions which arise in each scanned code, HCC2D codes make use of an additional field: the Color Palette Pattern. This is because color cells of a Color Palette Pattern are supposed to be distorted in the same way as color cells of the Encoding Region. Replicated color palettes are used for training machine learning classifiers. See also.
References.